Overcoming Type Erasure in Matching 2 (Variance)

A commenter (Brian Howard) on the post Overcoming Type Erasure in Matching 1 made a very good point:

Is there a way to deal with some type arguments being contravariant? Try the following:

class A

class B extends A

val AAFunction = new Def[Function1[A,A]]

((a:A) => a) match {case AAFunction(f) => Some(f(new A)); case _ => None} // this is OK

((a:A) => new B) match {case AAFunction(f) => Some(f(new A)); case _ => None} // this is OK

((b:B) => b) match {case AAFunction(f) => Some(f(new A)); case _ => None} // gives a ClassCastException, since new A is not a B

There is a way to do this, however the information is not captured in the Manifest. A manifest is not designed to do full reflection it is by design very light and has little impact on performance. So to provide the functionality requested by Brian one needs to add that information to the Extractor Definition. Have have a possible solution below.

1. scala> class A
2. defined class A
4. scala> class B extends A
5. defined class B
7. scala> object Variance extends Enumeration {
8.      |     val Co, Contra, No = Value
9.      | }
10. defined module Variance
12. scala> import Variance._
13. import Variance._
15. scala> class Def[C](variance:Variance.Value*)(implicit desired : Manifest[C]) {
16.      |     def unapply[X](c : X)(implicit m : Manifest[X]) : Option[C] = {
17.      |         val typeArgsTriplet = desired.typeArguments.zip(m.typeArguments).
18.      |                                                     zipWithIndex
19.      |         def sameArgs = typeArgsTriplet forall {
20.      |             case ((desired,actual),index) if(getVariance(index) == Contra) => 
21.      |                 desired <:< actual 
22.      |             case ((desired,actual),index) if(getVariance(index) == No) => 
23.      |                 desired == actual 
24.      |             case ((desired,actual),index) => 
25.      |                 desired >:> actual
26.      |         }
27.      |         
28.      |         val isAssignable = desired.erasure.isAssignableFrom(m.erasure) || (desired >:> m)
29.      |         if (isAssignable && sameArgs) Some(c.asInstanceOf[C])
30.      |         else None
31.      |     }
32.      |     def getVariance(i:Int) = if(variance.length > i) variance(i) else No
33.      | }
34. defined class Def
36. scala> val AAFunction = new Def[Function1[A,A]]
37. AAFunction: Def[(A) => A] = Def@64a65760
39. scala> ((a:A) => a) match {case AAFunction(f) => Some(f(new A)); case _ => None}
40. res0: Option[A] = Some(A@1bd4f279)
42. scala> ((a:A) => new B) match {case AAFunction(f) => Some(f(new A)); case _ => None}
43. res1: Option[A] = None
45. scala> ((b:B) => b) match {case AAFunction(f) => Some(f(new A)); case _ => None}
46. res2: Option[A] = None
48. scala> val BAFunction = new Def[Function1[B,A]](Contra,Co)
49. BAFunction: Def[(B) => A] = Def@26114629
51. scala> ((b:A) => b) match {case BAFunction(f) => Some(f(new B)); case _ => None}
52. res3: Option[A] = Some(B@15dcc3ca)